nokia smartphone for a zero

Using EDGE, operators can handle three times more subscribers than GPRS; triple their data rate per subscriber, or add extra capacity to their voice communications. This article provides an overview of EDGE technology. In particular, starting from the introduction of this 2.5G technology I describe the core technical aspects and distinct features. I will provide a comparison with GPRS for data services and then a survey of the current state of this technology in Pakistan. I have also covered some benefits for operators and customers.

Examining Trouble-Free Programs For buy smartphone nokia smartphone for a zero

1. Introduction The importance of wireless data and multimedia services both for business and end customers are increasing on an unparallel scale. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is a radio interface solution and is based on an enhanced modulation. EDGE offers GSM network operators an evolution path to mobile data and multimedia services with a three fold increase of data throughput in the existing GSM spectrum. EDGE therefore provides an alternative for operators who do not have a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) license. Moreover it also represents a complement to UMTS for operators intending to first deploy UMTS only in densely populated areas, but who can also use EDGE to provide wide area coverage of future oriented 3G services. In the US market operators have chosen EDGE as the 3G solutions. [8]. We are currently experiencing the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) as well as the higher transmission speeds of High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), joined by the convenience of "always on-line" direct Internet connections with GPRS. [1] EDGE, radios interface technology with enhanced modulation, increases the HSCSD and GPRS data rates by up to three fold. EDGE modulation is going to increase the data throughput provided by the packet switched service even over 400 kbps per carrier. Similarly, the data rates of circuit switched data can be increased, or existing data rates can be realized using fewer timeslots, saving capacity. Accordingly, these higher speed data services are referred to as EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS) and ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data). EDGE, is a major improvement in GSM phase 2+. As a modification to existing GSM networks, EDGE does not require network elements. [1] In the US, for instance, EDGE is part of the IS-136 High Speed concept, which is one of the third generation Radio Transmission Technology (RTT) proposals from TR.45. EDGE is historically going to be standardized which makes possible to achieve a global mobile radio system with many services characteristic to third generation systems. 2. Overview The increased bit rates of EDGE put requirements on the GSM / GPRS network architecture. Figure. 1 illustrates the GSM / GPRS architecture, the shaded parts of which are discussed in this section. Other nodes and interfaces are not affected at all by EDGE introduction. An identical bottleneck is the A-bis interface, which today supports up to 16 kb / s per traffic channel. With EDGE, the bit rate per traffic channel will approach 64 kb / s, which makes allocation of multiple A-bis slots to one traffic channel necessary. Alternative asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) or IP-based solutions to this problem can also be discussed. One important fact is, however, that the 16 kb / s limit will be exceeded already by the introduction of two coding schemes (CS3 and CS4) in GPRS, which have a maximum bit rate per traffic channel of 22.8 kb / s. Consequently, the A-bis limitation problem is being solved outside the EDGE standardization, and it is there a GPRS related, not EDGE-related, modification.

Buy Smartphone and get coupon. Reed more